ISBN: 0-03-031403-8 

Detailed Table of Contents

Part 1 The Contemporary Marketing Environment
Chapter 1Developing Relationships through Customer Focus, Quality, Technology, and Ethical Behavior
Chapter Overview
What is Marketing?
A Definition of Marketing
Today’s Global Marketplace
Four Eras in the History of Marketing
The Production Era
The Sales Era
The Marketing Era
The Relationship Era
Converting Needs to Wants
Avoiding Marketing Myopia
Extending the Traditional Boundaries of Marketing
Marketing in Not-for-Profit Organizations
Characteristics of Not-for-Profit Marketing
Nontraditional Marketing
Elements of a Marketing Strategy
The Target Market
Marketing Mix Variables
The Marketing Environment
Critical Thinking and Creativity
The Technology Revolution in Marketing
Interactive Marketing
The Internet
How Marketers Use the Web
From Transaction-Based Marketing to RelationshipMarketing
Developing Partnerships and Strategic Alliances
Costs and Functions of Marketing
Ethics and Social Responsibility: Doing Well by Doing Good
Strategic Implications of Marketing in the Twenty-First Century
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 2 The Marketing Environment, Ethics, and Social Responsibility
Chapter Overview
Environmental Scanning and Environmental Management
The Competitive Environment
Types of Competition
Developing a Competitive Strategy
The Political—Legal Environment
Government Regulation
Government Regulatory Agencies
Other Regulatory Forces
Controlling the Political—Legal Environment
The Economic Environment
Business Cycles
Inflation
Unemployment
Income
Resource Availability
The International Economic Environment
The Technological Environment
Applying Technology
The Social—Cultural Environment
Importance in International Marketing Decisions
Consumerism
Marketing’s Role in Society
Evaluating the Quality of Life
Criticisms of the Competitive Marketing System
Ethical Issues in Marketing
Ethical Problems in Marketing Research
Ethical Problems in Product Strategy
Ethical Problems in Distribution Strategy
Ethical Problems in Promotional Strategy
Ethical Problems in Pricing
Social Responsibility in Marketing
Marketing’s Responsibilities
Marketing and Ecology
Controlling the Marketing System
Strategic Implications of the Marketing Environment, Ethics, and Social Responsibility
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 3Global Dimensions of Marketing
Chapter Overview
The Importance of Global Marketing
Service and Retail Exports
Benefits of Going Global
The International Marketplace
Market Size
Buyer Behavior
The International Marketing Environment
International Economic Environment
International Social—Cultural Environment
International Technological Environment
International Political—Legal Environment
Multinational Economic Integration
GATT and the World Trade Organization
The NAFTA Accord
The European Union
Going Global
First Steps in Deciding to Market Globally
Strategies for Entering International Markets
Contractual Agreements
International Direct Investment
From Multinational Corporation to Global Marketer
Developing an International Marketing Strategy
International Product and Promotional Strategies
International Distribution Strategy
Pricing Strategy
The United States as a Target for International Marketers
Strategic Implications of International Marketing
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 2 Managing Technology to Achieve Marketing Success
Chapter 4E-Commerce: Electronic Marketing and the Internet
Chapter Overview
What Is Electronic Commerce?
Interactivity and E-Commerce
The Internet
The World Wide Web
Accessing the Internet
E-Commerce and the Economy
Business-to-Business Online Marketing
Online Consumer Marketing
Online Marketing Is International Marketing
Security and Privacy Issues of E-Commerce
Reciprocal Effects of Marketing and the Internet
The Internet’s Impact on Marketing
Marketing’s Impact on the Internet
Who are the Online Buyers and Sellers?
Online Buyers
Online Sellers
Interactive Online Marketing Channels
Company Web Sites
Advertisements on Other Web Sites
Online Communities
Other Interactive Marketing Links
Creating an Effective Web Presence
Building an Effective Web Site
Managing a Web Site
Measuring Effectiveness of Online Marketing
Strategic Implications of E-Commerce
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 5Succeeding Using Relationship and Database Marketing
Chapter Overview
The Shift from Transaction-Based Marketing to Relationship
Marketing
What is Relationship Marketing?
Basic Foundations of Modern Buyer—Seller Relationships
Promises in Relationship Marketing
The Four Dimensions of Relationship Marketing
The Relationship Marketing Continuum
The First Level of Relationship Marketing
The Second Level of Relationship Marketing
The Third Level of Relationship Marketing
Buyer—Seller Relationships in Consumer Goods and Services Markets
The Rewards of Retaining Customers
Affinity Programs
Frequent Buyer and Frequent User Programs
Database Marketing
Buyer—Seller Relationships in Business-to-Business Markets
Building and Maintaining Business Partnerships
Types of Partnerships
Co-Marketing and Co-Branding
Links Between Buyers and Sellers in Business-to-Business Markets
The Use of Databases
Electronic Data Interchange
National Account Selling
Vendor-Managed Inventory
Managing the Supply Chain
Strategic Alliances
Managing Relationships for Superior Performance
Assessing the Costs and Benefits
Structuring Relationships: Strategic Implications
Measurement and Evaluation Techniques
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 3 Marketing Planning, Information, and Segmentation
Chapter 6Marketing Planning and Forecasting
Chapter Overview
What is Marketing Planning
Strategic Planning versus Tactical Planning
Planning at Different Organizational Levels
Steps in the Marketing Planning Process
Defining the Organization’s Mission
Determining Organization Objectives
Assessing Organization Resources and Evaluating Environmental
Risks and Opportunities
Formulating a Marketing Strategy
Strategic Implications: Implementing a Strategy through
Marketing Plans
Tools for Marketing Planning
Strategic Business Units (SBUs)
Market Share/Market Growth Matrix
Market Attractiveness/Business Strength Matrix
Spreadsheet Analysis
Sales Forecasting
Qualitative Forecasting Techniques
Quantitative Forecasting Techniques
Steps in Sales Forecasting
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
Appendix 6ADeveloping a Marketing Plan
Components of a Marketing Plan
Creating the Mission Statement and Determining Organizational
Objectives
Formulating a Marketing Strategy
Assignment

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Chapter 7Marketing Research and Decision-Support Systems
Chapter Overview
The Marketing Research Function
Development of the Marketing Research Function
Who Conducts Marketing Research?
Strategic Implications of Marketing Research
Marketing Research Activities
Customer Satisfaction Measurement Programs
The Marketing Research Process
Define the Problem
Conduct Exploratory Research
Formulate a Hypothesis
Create a Research Design
Collect Data
Interpreting and Presenting Research Information
Marketing Research Methods
Secondary Data Collection
Sampling Techniques
Primary Research Methods
Conducting International Marketing Research
Computer Technology in Marketing Research
The Marketing Information System (MIS)
The Marketing Decision Support System (MDSS)
Data Mining
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 8Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning
Chapter Overview
Types of Markets
The Role of Market Segmentation
Criteria for Effective Segmentation
Segmenting Consumer Markets
Geographic Segmentation
Demographic Segmentation
Psychographic Segmentation
Product-Related Segmentation
The Market Segmentation Process
Stage I: Identify Market Segmentation Process
Stage II: Develop a Relevant Profile for Each Segment
Stage III: Forecast Market Potential
Stage IV: Forecast Probable Market Share
Stage V: Select Specific Market Segments
Strategies for Reaching Target Markets
Undifferentiated Marketing
Differentiated Marketing
Concentrated Marketing
Micromarketing
Selecting and Executing a Strategy
Market Segmentation: Strategic Implications
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 4 Customer Behavior
Chapter 9Consumer Behavior
Chapter Overview
Interpersonal Determinants of Consumer Behavior
Cultural Influences
Social Influences
Family Influences
Personal Determinants of Consumer Behavior
Needs and Motives
Perceptions
Attitudes
Learning
Self-Concept Theory
The Consumer Decision Process
Problem or Opportunity Recognition
Search
Alternative Evaluation
Purchase Decision and Purchase Act
Postpurchase Evaluation
Classifying Consumer Problem-Solving Processes
Consumer Behavior: Strategic Implications
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 10Business-to-Business Marketing
Chapter Overview
Nature of the Business Market
Components of the Business Market
Differences in Foreign Business Markets
Segmenting Business-to-Business Markets
Demographic Segmentation
Segmentation by Customer Type
Segmentation by End-Use Application
Segmentation by Purchasing Situation
Characteristics of the B2B Market
Geographic Market Concentration
Sizes and Numbers of Buyers
The Purchase Decision Process
Buyer—Seller Relationships
Evaluating International Business Markets
Business Market Demand
Derived Demand
Joint Demand
Volatile Demand
Inventory Adjustments
The Make, Buy or Lease Decision
The Rise of Outsourcing
Problems with Outsourcing
The Business Buying Process
Influences on Purchase Decisions
Model of the Organizational Buying Process
Classifying Business Buying Situations
Analysis Tools
The Buying Center Concept
Buying Center Roles
Marketing to Buying Centers: Strategic Implications
International Buying Centers
Developing Effective Business-to-Business Marketing Strategies
Challenges of Government Markets
Challenges of Institutional Markets
Challenges of International Markets
Strategies for Marketing to Both Business Purchases and Final Users
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 5 Product Strategy
Chapter 11Product Strategies for Goods and Services
Chapter Overview
What Is a Product?
What Is a Service?
The Importance of the Service Sector
Classifying Goods and Services for Consumer and Business Markets
Types of Consumer Products
Convenience Products
Applying the Consumer Products Classification System
Types of Business Products
The Marketing Environment for Service Firms
Economic Environment for Services
Social-Cultural Environment for Services
Political-Legal Environment for Services
Technological Environment for Services
Competitive Environment for Services
Development of Product Lines
Desire to Grow
Optimal Use of Company Resources
Enhancing the Company’s Position in the Market
The Product Life Cycle
Introductory Stage
Growth Stage
Maturity Stage
Decline Stage
Strategic Implications of the Product Life Cycle Concept
Extending the Product Life Cycle
Product Deletion Decisions
The Product Mix
Product Mix Decisions
Marketing Mix Strategies for Services
Service Strategy
Pricing Strategy for Services
Distribution Strategy for Services
Promotional Strategy for Services
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 12Brand Management and New-Product Planning
Chapter Overview
Managing Brands for Competitive Advantage
Brand Loyalty
Types of Brands
Strategic Implications of Brand Equity
The Role of Brand Managers
Product Identification
Brand Names and Brand Marks
Trademarks
Developing Global Brand Names and Trademarks
Packaging
Assistance in Marketing the Product
Brand Extensions, Brand Licensing, and Co-Branding
Brand Licensing
New-Product Planning
Product Development Strategies
The Consumer Adoption Process
Adopter Categories
Organizing for New-Product Development
The New-Product Development Process
Screening
Business Analysis
Development
Test Marketing
Commercialization
Product Safety and Liability
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 6 Distribution Strategy
Chapter 13Marketing Channels and Logistics Management
Chapter Overview
Strategic Implications: The Role of Marketing Channels in Marketing Strategy
Types of Marketing Channels
Direct Selling
Channels Using Marketing Intermediaries
Dual Distribution
Reverse Channels
Channel Strategy Decisions
Selection of a Marketing Channel
Determining Distribution Intensity
Who Should Perform Channel Functions?
Channel Management and Leadership
Channel Conflict
Achieving Channel Cooperation
Vertical Marketing Systems
Corporate Systems
Administered Systems
Contractual Systems
The Role of Logistics in Distribution Strategy
Logistical Cost Control
Physical Distribution
The Problem of Suboptimization
Customer Service Standards
Transportation
Warehousing
Inventory Control Systems
Order Processing
Protective Packaging and Materials Handling
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 14Retailing, Direct Marketing, and Wholesaling
Chapter Overview
Wholesaling Intermediaries
Functions of Wholesaling Intermediaries
Types of Wholesaling Intermediaries
Retailer-Owned Cooperatives and Buying Offices
Retailing
Evolution of Retailing
Wheel of Retailing
Strategic Implications: Retailing Strategy
Picking a Target Market
Merchandising Strategy
Customer Service Strategy
Pricing Strategy
Location-Distribution Strategy
Promotional Strategy
Store Atmospherics
Types of Retailers
Classification of Retailers by Form of Ownership
Chain Stores
Independent Retailers
Scrambled Merchandising
Classification by Shopping Effort
Classification by Services Provided
Classification by Product Lines
Specialty Stores
General Merchandise Retailers
Direct Marketing and Other Non-Store Retailing
Direct Mail
Direct Selling
Direct-Response Retailing
Telemarketing
Internet Retailing
Automatic Merchandising
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 7 Promotional Strategy
Chapter 15Integrated Marketing Communications
Chapter Overview
Integrated Marketing Communications
Importance of Teamwork
Role of Databases in Effective IMC Programs
The Communication Process
Objectives of Promotion
Provide Information
Increase Demand
Differentiate the Product
Accentuate the Product’s Value
Stabilize Sales
The Promotional Mix
Personal Selling
Nonpersonal Selling
Sponsorships
Sponsorship Spending
Growth of Sponsorships
How Sponsorship Differs from Advertising
Assessing Sponsorship Results
Using Sponsorship in a Promotional Strategy
Direct Marketing
Direct Marketing Communications Channels
Direct Mail
Telemarketing
Direct Marketing via Broadcast Channels
Electronic Direct Marketing Channels
Other Direct Marketing Channels
Developing an Optimal Promotional Mix
Nature of the Market
Nature of the Product
Stage in the Product Life Cycle
Price
Funds Available for Promotion
Pulling and Pushing Promotional Strategies
Budgeting for Promotional Strategy
Measuring the Effectiveness of Promotion
Measuring Online Promotions
The Value of Marketing Communications
Social Importance
Business Importance
Economic Importance
Strategic Implications
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 16Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations
Chapter Overview
Advertising
Types of Advertising
Objectives of Advertising
Advertising Strategies
Comparative Advertising
Celebrity Testimonials
Retail Advertising
Interactive Advertising
Creating an Advertisement
Translating Advertising Objectives into Advertising Plans
Advertising Messages
Developing and Preparing Ads
Creating Interactive Ads
Media Selection
Television
Radio
Newspapers
Magazines
Direct Mail
Outdoor Advertising
Interactive Media
Other Advertising Media
Media Scheduling
Hypothetical Media Schedule
Organization of the Advertising Function
Advertising Agencies
Sales Promotion
Consumer-Oriented Sales Promotions
Trade-Oriented Promotions
Public Relations
Marketing and Nonmarketing Public Relations
Publicity
Cross Promotion
Measuring Promotional Effectiveness
Measuring Advertising Effectiveness
Measuring Sales Promotion Effectiveness
Measuring Public Relations Effectiveness
Evaluating Interactive Media
Ethics in Nonpersonal Selling
Advertising Ethics
Ethics in Sales Promotion and Public Relations
Strategic Implications of Advertising and Sales Promotion
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 17Personal Selling and Sales Force Management
Chapter Overview
The Evolution of Personal Selling
The Four Sales Channels
Over-the-Counter Selling
Field Selling
Telemarketing
Inside Selling
Integrating the Various Selling Channels
Recent Trends in Personal Selling
Relationship Selling
Consultative Selling
Team Selling
Sales Force Automation
Sales Tasks
Order Processing
Creative Selling
Missionary Sales
The Sales Process
Prospecting and Qualifying
Approach
Presentation
Demonstration
Handling Objections
Closing
Follow-up
Managing the Sales Effort
Recruitment and Selection
Training
Organization
Supervision
Motivation
Compensation
Evaluation and Control
Ethical Issues in Sales
Ethical Dilemmas
Strategic Implications of Personal Selling
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
 

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Part 8 Pricing Strategy
Chapter 18Price Determination
Chapter Overview
Legal Constraints on Pricing
Robinson-Patman Act
Unfair-Trade Laws
Fair-trade laws
The Role of Price in the Marketing Mix
Pricing Objectives
Profitability Objectives
Volume Objectives
Meeting Competition Objectives
Prestige Objectives
Pricing Objectives of Not-for-Profit Organizations
Methods for Determining Prices
Price Determination in Economic Theory
Cost and Revenue Curves
The Concept of Elasticity in Pricing Strategy
Practical Problems of Price Theory
Price Determination in Practice
Alternative Pricing Procedures
Breakeven Analysis
Toward Realistic Pricing
The Modified Breakeven Concept
Yield Management
Global Issues in Price Determination
Strategic Implications of Pricing in the 21st Century
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work

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Chapter 19Managing the Pricing Function
Chapter Overview
Pricing Strategies
Skimming Pricing Strategy
Penetration Pricing Strategy
Competitive Pricing Strategy
Price Quotations
Reductions from List Price
Geographic Considerations
Pricing Policies
Psychological Pricing
Pricing Flexibility
Product-Line Pricing
Promotional Pricing
Price—Quality Relationships
Competitive Bidding and Negotiated Prices
Negotiating Prices Online
The Transfer Pricing Dilemma
Global Considerations and Online Pricing
Traditional Global Pricing Strategies
Characteristics of Online Pricing
Strategic Implications
Achievement Check Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Questions for Critical Thinking
’net Work
Video Cases
Gateway Continuing Case
Careers in Marketing
Notes
Glossary
Solutions
Credits
Indexes

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