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SOUTH-WESTERN LEGAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS CASE UPDATESREAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY
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| SW Legal's Case Updates is a SW Legal Studies service to provide briefs of the latest state and federal court cases. Review the summaries and, for cases of interest, select the case brief. If you cannot find a case of interest, return to Topic Index . |
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Title
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Summary
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Seller of Property May Still Be Liable for Torts
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that while liability for torts related to property normally passes from buyer to seller, if the seller retains effective control, the seller could be liable.
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Landlord Not Responsible for Attack by Tenant’s Vicious Dog
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a landlord had no responsibility for an attack by a vicious dog. The dog was under the control of a tenant, and the attack occurred when children trespassed into the gated property. |
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Immobilizing Illegally Parked Car Not Trespass to Personal Property
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that the owner of a parking lot had the right to put a boot on an illegally parked car on its lot, so as to immobilize the car and force the owner to pay a fine to have the boot removed. To do this was not a trespass to the personal property of the owner of the car.
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City Does Not Get Title to Property by Adverse Possession for Misplaced Road
Briefed Case |
Minnesota high court held that under state law, a government may not obtain title to property by adverse possession. Hence, a road that was misplaced for decades, and infringes on private property, is likely a trespass and there may be a cause of action by the property owners. |
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Damages for Hold-Over Tenant Is Market Value of Rental Property
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that when a tenant improperly stayed in commercial property beyond the expiration of a lease, the tenant owed the market value of the rental property as damages. Since there was no other evidence about the rental value, the tenant would pay an amount equal to the regular rent. |
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Tree Removal from Pipeline Right-of-Way Easement Must Weigh All Issues
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that gas pipeline companies would be prevented from removing trees growing on an easement until a trial could determine if tree removal was really necessary for safety and pipeline maintenance. |
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Attractive Nuisance Doctrine Not Applied to 10-Year Old Who Drowned
Briefed Case |
South Carolina high court held that the owner of a canal where a ten-year old fell in and drowned, was not liable for negligence under the attractive nuisance doctrine as the boy was old enough to understand the danger, especially since he could not swim. |
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Existence of Gang Members in Rental Area Creates No Liability for Landlord
Briefed Case |
California high court held that the owner of a mobile home park did not breach his duty to a tenant injured by the gunfire of gang members who lived in or frequented the park. The gunfire was not foreseeable, so there was no obligation to have provided security. |
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Once In Federal Rent Assistance Program, Landlord May Not Opt Out
Briefed Case |
New York high court held that once a landlord agrees to accept rent-assistance payments for low-income tenants under the Section 8 federal assistance program, the landlord may not opt out, as the federal rules become part of the lease. |
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City Did Not Provide Sufficient Evidence to Condemn Area as Blighted
Briefed Case |
Missouri high court held that a city acted improperly by giving a real estate developer authority to force sale of property for redevelopment purposes by condemnation proceedings. There was not sufficient evidence that the area was blighted to warrant condemnation. |
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Towing Company Holding of Vehicle without Permission Was Conversion
Briefed Case |
Appeals court affirmed that for a towing company to deprive the rightful owner of a vehicle of the use of the vehicle without good cause was conversion, so damages were due. |
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Massachusetts Adopts Mode of Operation Approach for Premises Liability
Briefed Case |
Massachusetts high court held that the state would now use the mode of operation approach to determine liability in slip and fall cases. Rather than focus on knowledge by the store operator of a hazard, the focus is on the foreseeability of likely hazards given the circumstances. |
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Landlord Not Negligent for Allowing Guardrails to Comply with Old Code Standards
Briefed Case |
New Mexico appeals court held that a landlord was not liable for allowing the space between guardrails to not be in compliance with building code standards set after the building was constructed. The guardrails would appear safe to an ordinary person even if not in compliance with modern building codes.
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Irrigation Pond Not Attractive Nuisance
Briefed Case |
A child fell through the ice on an irrigation pond and drowned. The Delaware high court held that the owner of the pond was not negligent for creating an attractive nuisance by taking additional steps to prevent access to the pond by children.
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Employer Has No Duty to Warn Patrons of Fact that Blind Employee Uses Cane
Briefed Case |
Appeals court affirmed that a store had no duty to warn patrons of the fact that a blind employee on the premises used a guide cane. Hence, when a patron tripped over the cane, the store did not violate a duty of care. The danger posed by the cane was obvious.
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Public Purpose Organizations Exempt from Mechanics' Liens in Pennsylvania
Briefed Case |
Pennsylvania appeals court held that a private, non-profit organization that performs public functions is exempt by state law from mechanics' liens being imposed on its property as a result of its contractor not paying its suppliers.
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Realtors Do Not Have a General Duty to Warn Clients of Defects on Real Estate
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a real estate agency had no duty to warn a client of defects that existed in a home under construction that was being shown. The realtor has a duty to warn of dangers of which the realtor is aware, but not of all possible dangers that exist.
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Reduction in Business Value Due to Road Changes Not Inverse Condemnation
Briefed Case |
Kansas high court held that a business that fell in value due to reconfiguration of the road next to the business that made customer access difficult, was not inverse condemnation and no compensation for taking was due.
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Liens May Be Imposed on Public Property Only When Permitted by Statute
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a subcontractor had no right of action against a city to collect for work performed for a contractor who leased land from the city but failed to pay for the work. The right to impose a lien on public property exists only when statute permits it. |
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Implied Warranty of Habitability Applies to Mobile Home Rentals
Briefed Case |
Trial court held that under Mississippi law the implied warranty of habitability applies to mobile homes and mobile home lots unless expressly waived by the lessee. |
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Tenant Had Right to Break Lease Due to Safety Defect
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a tenant had the right to refuse to occupy a house that contained a safety defect. The landlord breached the implied warranty of habitability and must return the damage deposit. |
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Intention of the Parties Used to Interpret Servitudes That Are Not Clear
Briefed Case |
Arizona high court held that it would adopt the Restatement (Third) of Property that when servitudes are interpreted, the court will give effect to the intention of the parties determined from the language used in the instrument as a whole. |
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Lien Attested to by Lien Filing Service is Valid
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a mechanics' lien filed by a lien filing service for a client was not frivolous or invalid because it was attested to by the filing service. The filing service was the authorized agent of the claimant, so could attest to the lien. |
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Damage from Public Construction Not a Taking; May Be a Tort
Briefed Case |
Iowa high court held that a building made uninhabitable by vibration from road construction was not subject to eminent domain proceedings as a taking. The damage was a consequence of temporary action, not a permanent occupation, so must be addressed by tort. |
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Innkeepers’ Act Holds Hotel Harmless for Thefts from Guests Rooms
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a hotel cannot be sued for the loss of valuables taken from a guest’s room while the guest was sleeping even though the hotel issued a key to an unknown person during the night. The Innkeepers’ Act states that hotels are not liable for stolen valuables. |
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Payments for Mineral Royalties Are Personal, Not Real, Property
Briefed Case |
Mississippi high court held that a claim for unpaid mineral royalties comes under the law of personal property. As such, a three-year statute of limitation applied, not the ten-year statute of limitation that applies to interests in land. |
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Limited Duty to Protect Patrons from Criminal Acts Exists
Briefed Case |
California high court held that when a criminal act by a third party is a foreseeable possibility, a proprietor has an obligation to provide some assistance to its patrons to help prevent such an event. |
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Liability May Be Based on Negligence but Not Also on Res Ipsa Loquitur
Briefed Case |
Iowa high court held that a court could not give a jury the option of imposing liability in a case of premises liability based both on negligence and on res ipsa loquitur, as that would be prejudicial against the defendant. |
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Public Easement on Private Property Does Not Mean Loss of Ownership
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a private party had no right to enter on a public easement and remove soil from it. The easement, on private property, was for public benefit and did not give private parties the right to make use of the property. |
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Violating City Building Code May Not Be Grounds for Negligence Per Se
Briefed Case |
Alabama high court held that when a contractor was sued for an injury suffered at a construction site where the city building code was not followed, it was not subject to liability for negligence per se, but to the rule of negligence. The per se rule applies only if a safety rule is violated that applies to a specific class of persons, not the general public. |
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Tenants Can Recover Cost of Major Improvements
Briefed Case |
SW Legal Virginia high court held that tenants who believed they were buying a house could recover the cost of major improvements they made to the property. Since there was no written agreement, there was no enforceable contract for sale, only a tenancy. The tenants were responsible for all monthly rent payments. |
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Imposition of New Conservation Restriction Not a
Taking
Briefed Case |
New York high court held that the imposition of a more restrictive easement
on property as a condition of a construction permit was not a taking.
The new conservation restriction did not differ significantly from the
old and it granted the town new enforcement powers. |
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Statute Determines Extent of Premises Liability
Briefed Case |
Colorado high court held that a state statute that defined premises liability
supersedes the traditional common law definitions, so premises liability
cases must be determined under the standard of care provided in the statute. |
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A Guest on One Part of Property Can Be a Trespasser on another Part of the Property
Briefed Case |
Maine high court held that a dinner guest who went, without knowledge
of the property owner, to look in another house being built on the home
owner's property, and was injured when he did, was a trespasser. The status
of a guest owed a duty of care was lost when the guest went, uninvited,
on other parts of the property. |
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Actual Knowledge, Not Constructive Knowledge, of
Converted Goods Needed for Liability under Michigan Law
Briefed Case |
Michigan high court held that a lumber company could not be held liable
for damages under a state law because it did not have actual knowledge
that it was selling lumber to an employee of a building company that forged
documents to get goods in the name of her employer. |
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E-mail Notification of Construction Hazard May Be
Insufficient Warning
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that an employee who was injured when she fell into
a construction hole outside the back door of an office building had the
right to sue the contractor for failing to provide more notice of the
hazard than an e-mail distributed three days earlier. |
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Car Wash Responsible as Bailee of Car Being Washed,
But Not of Jewels Left in Car
Briefed Case |
Alabama high court held that when a jewelry salesman's car was stolen
from a car wash while it was being dried, and a large amount of jewelry
was stolen from the trunk, the car wash was responsible for the car, as
a bailment for its care was created, but was not responsible for the jewelry. |
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Prescriptive Easement Established After Ten Years
Open Use of Driveway
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a long-time property owner, who had used a driveway
to access his property for more than ten years, had obtained a prescriptive
easement to continue access to his property. The new owners of the property
that the driveway crossed could not prohibit his use of the driveway. |
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Tenant Who Trips On Open and Obvious Hazard May Not
Sue Landlord for Damages
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that when a tenant left the sidewalk to go on the
grass, and tripped on an exposed drainage pipe, there could be no suit
against the landlord for negligence. The pipe was an open and obvious
danger, and the tenant voluntarily left the sidewalk. |
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High Trees Are Nuisance That Must Be Removed
Briefed Case |
Rhode Island high court held that high trees
planted to block a neighbor’s view of the ocean were a nuisance, a
spite fence, that had to be removed. The trees were planted in retaliation
for one neighbor opposing the other’s request for a change in zoning
of the property. (Updated April 2004) |
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Woodshed Encroaching on Neighbor's Property for 7
Years Does Not Create a Property Right
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a neighbor who encroached
on a vacant lot for seven years, until the buyer of the lot contested the
right of the neighbor to occupy the land, did not obtain a prescriptive
easement for continued use due to seven years of use. The buyer of the lot
had the right to take occupancy with clear title. (Updated April 2004) |
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Landowner Responsible for Condition of Grassy Strip
between Sidewalk and Curb
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a pedestrian who tripped
over a tree root that was sticking up in a grassy strip between a sidewalk
and a curb could proceed to trial. A jury could determine if there was negligence
on the part of the property owner by failure to properly maintain the grassy
strip. (Updated April 2004) |
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Restrictive Covenants Are Enforced Except in Case
of Radical Changes in Conditions
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a church had no right
to build parking spaces on residential lots it owned adjacent to church
property. The lots were subject to a restrictive covenant that they only
be used for private residences. There was no radical change in conditions
of the property that would allow the covenant to be modified. (Updated March 2004) |
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Nuisance Caused by New Home Justifies Removal of
Home
Briefed Case |
New Hampshire high court held that a nuisance
had been created when construction of a new home caused water to be diverted
to a neighboring house causing damage to it. This situation could only be
remedied by removal of the new home and the fill that had been dumped on
the property when the home was built. (Updated March 2004) |
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Transfer of Ownership of Property from Corporation
to Sole Owner of That Corporation Is Not a Sale
Briefed Case |
The lease of commercial property contained a
right of first refusal for the tenant to have the option to buy the premises
at a price offered by a third party during the lease. When the owner of
a corporation that owned the property transferred the property to himself
personally, there was no sale that triggered the right of first refusal. (Updated January 2004) |
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Mechanics' Lien Must Be Delivered Within Statutory
Notice Period
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a mechanics’ lien
was to be dismissed because the creditor failed to ensure that the notice
of the lien was delivered to the debtor in less than 120 days after work
was completed. The clock runs from the end of work until receipt of the
lien notice, not when the notice is mailed. (Updated January 2004) |
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Landlord Has Duty to Mitigate Damages When Tenant
Abandons Property
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that when a tenant abandons
property, the landlord regains possession, at which point the tenant ceases
to pay rent. The landlord has an obligation to mitigate damages by leasing
the property at a reasonable price so the trial court can determine damages. (Updated January 2004) |
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Lease Unenforceable When Major Terms Missing
Briefed Case |
Utah supreme court held that a commercial lease
failed to form an enforceable contract because it was silent as to a major
issue of financial responsibility. Since the lease was ambiguous, it was
unenforceable against the tenant. (Updated November 2003) |
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Easements May Expire If Not Used
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that it must be determined
at trial if an easement had been abandoned because of non-use or if there
was sufficient use to constitute occupancy of the easement. In Minnesota,
easements expire after 40 years unless actively used or notice has been
filed of intent to use the easement. (Updated November 2003) |
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Farmer Could Sue Neighbor Farmer in Nuisance for
Massive Weed Infestation
Briefed Case |
South Dakota high court held that a farmer could
bring nuisance action against a neighbor who did not keep non-noxious weeds
under control on his property such that large quantities of the weeds blew
on surrounding land and damaged agricultural operations. (Updated November 2003) |
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Condominium Association May Sue Builder for Alleged
Defects in Condominiums
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that under Oregon law a condominium
association is a real party that has the capacity to sue the builder of
the condominiums for alleged defects in construction that affected the common
areas of the condominiums. (Updated July 2003) |
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No Permission or Compensation Needed to Lay Cable
Down Public Right-of-Way
Briefed Case |
Oklahoma high court held that a telecommunications
company, given permission by the state to lay fiber optic cable, need not
obtain permission or pay compensation to lay cable on land that already
contains an easement for a public road. (Updated May 2003) |
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Eminent Domain May Be Used to Take Leases for Benefit
of Private Party
Briefed Case |
New York appeals court upheld the
right of a city to use eminent domain to take lease interests in real estate
for the benefit of a private company that wished to abrogate the leases
in order to expand a shopping mall. (Updated April 2003) |
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Likely Value of Property After Rezoning May Be Considered
in Eminent Domain
Briefed Case |
Georgia high court held that when
the value of property is determined in cases of eminent domain condemnation,
compensation may be based on the likely value of the property after rezoning,
not the value in its current zoning status. (Updated April 2003) |
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Power Company Obtained Prescriptive Easement for
Power Lines
Briefed Case |
Montana high court held that an electric
power company that had power lines over and under the owner's property,
but that never received an easement from the property owner, had a prescriptive
easement due to more than five years of open and notorious use. (Updated March 2003) |
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Model Home Used as Sales Office Violates Zoning Ordinance
Briefed Case |
Iowa high court held that for a home
builder to use a model home as a sales office in a single-family residential
area where businesses were not permitted was a violation of the city zoning
ordinance as a commercial enterprise. (Updated March 2003) |
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County Road Not Abandoned Long Enough for Property
to Be Taken by Adverse Possession
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that although
a county was willing to abandon a road that it no longer maintained in favor
of property owners along the road, because the property had not been abandoned
for ten years, as required by Iowa law, the property owners were not qualified
to obtain title to the property by adverse possession. (Updated February 2003) |
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City's Use of Groundwater Subject to Reasonable Use
Doctrine
Briefed Case |
Ohio appeals court held that a group
of residents of a village could sue a nearby city for breach of the duty
not to take an unreasonable amount of groundwater that would cause an injury
to the quantity and quality of water available for those who use the same
groundwater supply. (Updated January 2003) |
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Residential Lots Protected by Covenants May Not Be
Used for Other Purposes
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a residential
lot with covenants that make clear the purpose of the lot could not be converted
to other use by its owners. Neighbors had the right to obtain an injunction
against the lot owner from using it for any purpose not consistent with
the servitudes that limit its use. (Updated November 2002) |
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Apartment Owned As Shares of Stock Is Not Real Property
Briefed Case |
Washington state high court held
that the sale of an apartment that was controlled by shares of stock in
a corporation was governed by contract law, not by the law concerning how
real property transactions must occur under the statute of frauds. (Updated November 2002) |
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Title Insurer Has No Duty To Disclose All Title Defects
Briefed Case |
Washington high court held that a
title insurance company, when agreeing to insure title, has no general duty
to reveal all title defects; rather, it states limits to its insurance coverage.
(Updated July 2002) |
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Government Construction May Affect Inverse Condemnation
of Neighboring Property
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that it is for
a jury to determine if the claim of a home owner that new highway construction
caused so much damage to her house that it made it unfit for habitation
is correct. Inverse condemnation can result from actions on neighboring
land and need not involve a direct taking. (Updated March 2002) |
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Damage to Private Road by State Is Basis for Inverse
Condemnation
Briefed Case |
Appeals court upheld an award of
damages to the owner of a private road who suffered damage to the road from
underground construction work done by the state. Such damage is inverse
condemnation, and the state must compensate the property owner for the damage
since the road was not dedicated to public use. (Updated March 2002) |
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Buyer of Land Smaller Than Advertised Has No Recourse
Briefed Case |
Appeals court affirmed that the buyers
of land advertised as 280 acres who learned after the sale it was 20 acres
less, had no cause of action against the seller since the contract and deed
did not specify acreage, but listed the property boundaries. There was no
evidence of intent to deceive, so the contract stands. (Updated February 2002) |
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Sixty Year Old Fence Did Not Establish Land Ownership
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that when a survey
showed that a sixty year old fence line placed land on the wrong side of
the property line, that the survey line would control the boundary because
the fence had been built originally by agreement, so there was no change
in ownership by adverse possession. (Updated February 2002) |
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Distribution of Spam on Company E-Mail System is
Trespass
Briefed Case |
Appeals court upheld an injunction
against a former Intel employee who distributed several e-mails complaining
about the company to thousands of Intel employees on the Intel e-mail system.
This misuse of company property was trespass to chattels that warranted
an injunction against further invasions. (Updated February 2002) |
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Buried Treasure Is Mislaid Property That Belongs
to Landowner
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that gold coins
that were buried for decades, and were uncovered by workers are mislaid
property that belong to the present landowner. The old rule of "finders
keepers" for such treasure is not considered good law. (Updated December 1, 2001) |
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Buildings Not in Compliance with Land Use Plan Must
Be Destroyed
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a developer,
who constructed over $3 million worth of apartment buildings prior to final
judicial review of a request for a zoning variance to allow their construction,
must tear down the buildings even though the loss in value to the complaining
neighbor was only $26,000. (Updated December 1, 2001) |
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Person Bitten by Neighbor's Dog Was Trespasser
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a woman bitten
by a neighbor's dog, when she was trying to calm the dog during fireworks,
was a trespasser who did not have consent to enter the property for such
purpose. Since the injury inflicted was not wilful or wanton, there is no
liability. (Updated October 1, 2001) |
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Negligent Maintenance May Be Basis for Recovery for
Damage to Health of Tenants
Briefed Case |
Delaware high court upheld a damage
award to two tenants of an apartment building who were found to have suffered
permanent health damage due to exposure to high levels of mold in the apartments
that was caused by inadequate maintenance. Liability based on ordinary negligence
may occur, which covers matters not included in the Landlord Tenant Code. (Updated October 1, 2001) |
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Failure to Give Notice of Intent to Vacate
Rented Office Left Lease in Place for Full Term
Briefed Case |
Rhode Island high court affirmed
judgment for landlord for the full rental value of property for a five-year
lease. Tenants vacated at the end of the first term of the lease, but failed
to inform the landlord of their intent to vacate, so the automatic five-year
renew clause was effected and tenants were responsible for the rent less
rent paid by new tenants. (Updated August 1, 2001) |
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Ohio Adopts Attractive Nuisance Doctrine
Briefed Case |
The Ohio supreme court held that
the state adopts the attractive nuisance doctrine and that it will be applied
in a case in which a child fell into a neighbor's unfenced pool and drowned.
The child's mother also drowned attempting to rescue her son. The doctrine
is an exception to the rule that landowners have no special duty of care
to trespassers. (Updated July 1, 2001) |
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Statute Controlling Speech on Signs on Private Property
Near Highways Unconstitutional
Briefed Case |
Texas appeals court struck down the
state's Highway Beautification Act as unconstitutional because it requires
property owners to obtain state permission to erect signs that can be seen
from highways. The regulation of content on signs violates property rights
and the First Amendment. (Updated June 1, 2001) |
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Innkeeper Can Use Self-Help to Evict Roomer Who
Does Not Pay His Bill
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that an innkeeper,
who runs a hotel or rooming house, can use self-help to evict a non-paying
tenant. In the District of Columbia, this is not the case for tenants who
rent apartments from landlords. In that case, the landlord must go through
judicial proceedings to evict a non-paying tenant. (Updated June 1, 2001) |
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Drug Dealing in Building Creates Nuisance But Destruction
of Building Not Justified
Briefed Case |
The Maryland high court reversed
lower courts that approved the destruction of a building that was used for
drug dealing. Drug dealing is a nuisance that may be enjoined, but it is
the activity that is a nuisance, not the building itself, so the courts
exceeded their authority in ordering the building to be destroyed. (Updated May 1, 2001) |
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Properly Recorded Mechanic's Lien Applies to New
Property Owners
Briefed Case |
A supplier of materials to a home
being constructed filed a lien against the builder. The home was purchased
after the lien had been filed. The supplier could sue both the builder and
the purchaser of the home, as the lien is good against any later owner of
the property. (Updated April 1, 2001) |
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Lead Paint in Older Houses Must Be Disclosed in Residential
Real Estate Sales
Briefed Case |
Court ordered a trial to be held
to determine damages incurred by the buyer of a house built before 1978.
The sale of such houses must include information about the dangers posed
by lead-based paint and must include a disclosure form about the presence
of such paint. Sellers failed to provide such information, so may face treble
damages. (Updated February 1, 2001) |
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Social Host Owes Minimal Duty of Care to Licensee
on Property Versus Duty Owed to Invitee
Briefed Case |
Appeals court affirmed judgment for
a property owner sued by high school student injured in a fight that occurred
at a party held at another student's home. The host property owner must
refrain from willful and wanton misconduct against such a guest, who is
a licensee, not an invitee, who would be owed a higher duty of care. (Updated November 1, 2000) |
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Damages for Conversion of Funds May Not Include Purely
Speculative Losses
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that the wrongful
attachments of funds was conversion. The party who wrongfully converted
the funds must return the money and cover both the attorney fees and lost
interest. Damages beyond that must be shown to be more than speculative
use of the funds. There must be evidence that the funds had a particular
use, and the value of that use was lost. (Updated November 1, 2000) |
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Easements May Not Be Expanded Beyond Original Grant
or Intent
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that the buyers
of property that had a road easement to it could not expand that easement
to be able to obtain access to some other land they purchased along the
easement. However, the buyers obtained an easement to their septic field,
which extended beyond their property line, because the easement was implied
in the property sale. (Updated October 1, 2000) |
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Ordinance to "Conserve Natural Beauty" During
Land Development Too Vague
Briefed Case |
Maine high court struck down as unconstitutional
a local land use ordinance that stated that development must "conserve natural
beauty." The standard improperly delegates too much authority to local regulators
since it has no clear meaning. (Updated September 1, 2000) |
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Forfeiture of Video Gaming Machines Not Taking of
Property
Briefed Case |
The South Carolina high court upheld
a state law declaring all video gaming machines to be illegal as of a certain
date. The property became contraband that could be seized by the state at
that time. The state has a legitimate interest in regulating gambling and
in not destroying all economic value of the land on which the machines sit.
(Updated August 1, 2000) |
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First in Time Is First in Right in Priority of Liens
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held that a tax lien
was perfected against property before a judgment lien was perfected because
the amount of the judgment lien was uncertain until after the tax lien had
been filed. (Updated March 1, 2000) |
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SW Legal Virginia Drops Invitee/Licensee Distinction
for Duty of Care by Landowner
Briefed Case |
The SW Legal Virginia high court dropped
the old three-part distinction between invitee, licensee and trespasser.
The court held that landowners have the same duty of reasonable care to
protect licensees and invitees. To trespassers, the only duty owed is to
not inflict willful injury. (Updated January 1, 2000) |
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Caveat Emptor Applies to Vacation Rentals in North
Carolina
Briefed Case |
Members of a family were injured
when a deck on a vacation rental house collapsed. The North Carolina high
court held that under the common law there is no implied warranty of suitability
for such short-term rentals; the terms of the lease contract determine liability,
so the case was to be dismissed. (Updated January 1, 2000) |
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Gas Can in Storage Shed Not Attractive Nuisance
to Trespassing Children
Briefed Case |
Minnesota high court reversed a jury
verdict in favor of children who were killed and injured in explosion resulting
from their trespassing on their neighbor's property, taking a gas can from
a storage shed, and lighting it on fire. The property owner had no reason
to foresee that particular danger in the event of trespass by a child. (Updated October 1, 1999) |
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Details of Sheriff's Sale of Property Need Not Be
Included in Proper Notice to Lienholders
Briefed Case |
Ohio high court held that an existing
court procedure, where recorded lienholders of property are provided legal
notice of sheriff sale of property to settle claims against the property,
is adequate due process to notify the party of the need to appear to defend
their rights to the property. (Updated October 1, 1999) |
|
Computer Flickers Caused by Electromagentic Fields
Not Nuisance
Briefed Case |
Building owner sued electric company
for disruptions caused to computer screens in a building next to electric
transmission lines. Appeals court upheld dismissal of case, finding that
the power company had an easement and that its use of the transmission lines
was within normal industry practice. (Updated October 1, 1999) |
|
Landlord Not Liable to Tenant for Defect in Premises
That Arose During Tenancy
Briefed Case |
Tenant was injured when he fell due
to a loose brick on a step. Since tenant had been in the house for three
years, the condition arose during that time, and the landlord was not notified
of the problem, the New Jersey appeals court held that there was no liability. (Updated September 1, 1999) |
|
Co-Tenant Who Removed Timber from Jointly Owned
Land Liable for Waste
Briefed Case |
Idaho high court upheld trial court
verdict in favor of tenant-in-common who suffered loss due to fraud by waste
when co-tenant had the land logged without knowledge or permission of other
owner and kept all proceeds. (Updated May 1, 1999) |
|
Attachment of Property Without Hearing Unconstitutional
Briefed Case |
Appeals court held a Washington state
statute that allows the attachment of real property without prior notice
and a hearing to be unconstitutional. Attachment that occurs in a dispute
over construction must allow prior notice and hearing to have adequate due
process. (Updated May 1, 1999) |
|
Common Charges Lien at Condo Not Extinguished by
Foreclosure
Briefed Case |
Connecticut high court held that
the unpaid common charges of condos were not extinguished when the mortgage
holder foreclosed on the condos. The condo association can sue for unpaid
common charges after foreclosure for unsatisfied debt. (Updated May 1, 1999) |
|
Loss of Direct Access to Property from Highway Not
Compensable Taking
Briefed Case |
Change in highway design meant that
property owner would have a less convenient way in and out of their property.
Kansas high court held that such loss of access is not inverse condemnation
that requires compensation. The state balances various interests in designing
highways for public safety. (Updated April 1, 1999) |
|
Mechanic's Lien May Be Enforced Despite Technical
Violations of Home Improvement Law
Briefed Case |
Connecticut supreme court held that a contractor's
mechanic's lien against a home owner for renovation work, could be enforced
despite paperwork defects that violated the letter of the Home Improvement
Act. The defects were too trivial to affect the reality of the transaction.
(Updated April 1, 1999) |
|
Subcontractors Lien Against Government Barred by
Sovereign Immunity
Briefed Case |
Supreme Court reversed lower court
order for Army to pay subcontractor, who was not paid by bankrupt prime
contractor, on construction project. Waiver of sovereign immunity has not
been extended to liens against government property. (Updated April 1, 1999) |
|
Landlord Liable to Tenant's Guest for Death Caused
by Tenant's Pit Bull
Briefed Case |
Maryland appeals court upheld jury verdict for
parents of child killed by pit bull kept by tenant in violation of lease.
Landlord had failed to prevent foreseeable injury by not requiring tenant
to get rid of dog despite complaints about the dog. (Updated January 1, 1999) |
|
Polluted Property Can Have Clear and Marketable
Title
Briefed Case |
New Hampshire high court held that even if property
is polluted, it may still have clear and marketable title. The pollution
affects the value and marketability of the property, not the title itself.
(Updated January 1, 1999) |
|
Evicted Tenant's Property Not Responsibility of
Landlord
Briefed Case |
Landlord had delinquent tenant evicted
from apartment. Sheriff placed personal effects out in front of apartment,
where they were stolen and vandalized. Court held that landlord had no bailment
of that property or other duty to tenant once court ordered eviction. (Updated November 17, 1998) |
|
Defective Construction Work Prevents Foreclosure
of Lien
Briefed Case |
Appeals court affirmed decision of
trial court that plaintiff contractor's work was improper, causing damage
to defendant. Hence, defendant would be awarded damages, and plaintiff's
construction lien, which is an equitable claim, was denied after de novo
review. (Updated October 5, 1998) |
|
City Ordinance Restricting Sex Stores to Industrial
Area Upheld
Briefed Case |
Appeals court upheld city zoning
ordinance designed to prevent reductions in property values and increases
in crime and disease by restricting sexually oriented businesses to locate
in industrial area. The regulation is sufficiently narrowly tailored that
it does not violate free speech rights. (Updated May 29, 1998) |
|
Property Owner Could Revoke Permission to Use Land
Briefed Case |
Oral permission from one business
owner to another to use a parking lot and sidewalk could be revoked 20 years
later, and no easement was created, because property user had not incurred
expenses pursuant to the parol license. (Updated 2-3-98) |
|
My Boy Is So Successful He Always Gives Me New Cadillacs!
Briefed Case |
Elderly woman "given" a
series of new Cadillacs her son stole from the dealership he worked at is
liable to the dealership for conversion. (Updated 12-29-97) |
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